Plagiarism and Academic Integrity

Hello everyone,

This task is a response to the task assigned by Megha Ma'am as part of thinking activity. 

1.)What is Plagiarism and what are its consequences?

Plagiarism is presenting someone else’s work or ideas as your own, with or without their consent, by incorporating it into your work without full acknowledgement. All published and unpublished material, whether in manuscript, printed or electronic form, is covered under this definition.

Derived from the Latin word plagiarius ("kidnapper"), to plagiarise means "to commit literary theft" and to "present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source". Plagiarism involves two kinderen. Using another person's ideas, information, or expressions without acknowledging that person's work constitutes intellectual theft. Passing off another person's ideas, information, or expres.. sions as your own to get a better grade or gain some other advantage constitutes fraud.

Consequences:-

A complex society that depends on well-informed citizens strives to maintain high standards of quality and reliability for documents that are publicly circulated and used in government, business, industry. the professions, higher education, and the media. Because search has the power to affect opinions and actions, responsible writers com- pose their work with great care. They specify when they refer to an- other author's ideas, facts, and words, whether they want to agree with, object to, or analyse the source. This kind of documentation not only recognizes the work writers do; it also tends to discourage the circulation of error, by inviting readers to determine for themselves whether a reference to another text presents a reasonable account of what that text says. Plagiarists undermine these important public values.

Students exposed as plagiarists may suffer severe penalties. Ranging from failure in the assignment or in the course to expulsion from school. This is because student plagiarism does considerable harm. For one thing, it damages teachers' relationships with students, turn- ing teachers into detectives instead of mentors and fostering suspicion instead of trust. By undermining institutional standards for assigning grades and awarding degrees, student plagiarism also becomes a mat- ter of significance to the public. When graduates' skills and knowl- edge fail to match their grades, an institution's reputation is damaged. For example, no one would choose to be treated by a physician who obtained a medical degree by fraud. Finally, students who plagiarise harm themselves. They lose an important opportunity to learn how to write a research paper. Knowing how to collect and analyse information and reshape it in essay form is essential to academic success." This knowledge is also required in a wide range of careers in law, journalism, engineering, public policy, teaching, business, govern- ment, and not-for-profit organisations.

Plagiarism betrays the personal element in writing as well. Discuss- ing the history of copyright Mark Rob notes the tie between our writing and our sense of self-a tie that, he believes, influenced the idea that a piece of writing could belong to the person who wrote it! Rose says that our sense of ownership of the words we write "is deeply rooted in our conception of ourselves as Individuals with at least a modest grade of singularity, some degree of personality Authors and Owners: The Invention of Copyright Gaining skill as a writer opens the door to learning more about yourself and to developing a personal voice and approach in your writing, It is essential for all student writers to understand how to avoid committing plagiarism.

• These are the five most common types of plagiarism:

1. Global plagiarism means passing off an entire text by someone else as your own work.
2. Verbatim plagiarism means directly copying someone else’s words.
3. Paraphrasing plagiarism means rephrasing someone else’s ideas to present them as your own.
4. Patchwork plagiarism means stitching together parts of different sources to create your text.
5. Self-plagiarism means recycling your own past work.

2)Write a short note on:-

a.)Forms of Plagiarism

Repeating or Paraphrasing Wording:-

When you use someone else work with minor changes then it's called plagiarism for example,

Original phrase:-

Some of Dickinson's most powerful poems express her firmly held conviction that life cannot be fully comprehended without an under- standing of death.

Plagiarism:-

Emily Dickinson firmly believed that we cannot fully comprehend life unless we also understand death.

Taking a Particularly Apt Phrase:-

When you use someone's lines and don't cite it. For example,

Original phrase:-

Everyone uses the word language and everybody these days talks about culture.... "Languaculture" is a reminder.

Plagiarism:-

At the intersection of language and culture lies a concept that we might call "languaculture."

b.)When Documentation is not needed:-

In addition to documenting direct quotations and paraphrases, you should consider the status of the information and ideas you glean from sources in relation to your audience and to the scholarly consensus on your topic. In general, information and ideas you deem broadly known by your readers and widely accepted by scholars. such as the basic biography of an author or the dates of a historical event, can be used without documentation. But where readers are likely to seek more guidance or where the facts are in significant dispute among scholars, documentation is needed; you could attribute a disputed fact to the source with which you agree or could document the entire controversy. While direct quotations and paraphrases are always documented, scholars seldom document proverbs, sayings.. and clichés! If you have any doubt about whether you are committing plagiarism, cite your source or sources.

c.)Issues related to Plagiarism:-

Reusing a Research Paper:-

If you must complete a research project to earn a grade in a course, handing in a paper you already earned credit for in another course is deceitful. Moreover, you lose the opportunity to improve your knowl- edge and skills. If you want to rework a paper that you prepared for another course, ask your current instructor for permission to do so. If you wish to draw on or reuse portions of your previous writing in a new paper, ask your instructor for guidance.

Collaborative Work:-

An example of collaborative work is a group project you carry out with other students. Join: participation in research and writing is common and, in fact, encouraged in many courses and in many professions It does not constitute plagiarism provided that credit is given for all contributions. One way to give credit, if roles were clearly demarcated or were unequal, is to state exactly who did what. Another way, especially if roles and contributions were merged and shared, is to acknowledge all concerned equally. Ask your instructor for advice if you are not certain how to acknowledge collaboration.

Research on Human Subjects:-

Many academic institutions have policies governing research on hu- man subjects. Examples of research involving human subjects include clinical trials of a drug or personal interviews for a psychological study. Institutions usually require that researchers obtain the informed consent of human subjects for such projects. Although research for a paper in high school or college rarely involves human subjects, ask your instructor about your institution's policy If yours does.

Thank you for Visiting:)