Nineteen Eighty four

Hello everyone, 

My today's blog is about the novel Nineteen Eighty four (1984) by George Orwell. We also saw movie in classroom and now we have to write a blog about our understanding of the novel after reading novel and watching movie as part of activity assigned by Professor Dilip Barad sir.

 Who is George Orwell? 

Eric Arthur Blair, known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist and critic. His work is characterised by lucid prose, biting social criticism, total opposition to totalitarianism, and outspoken support of democratic socialism. He is famous for his novels Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-four (1949), the latter a profound anti-utopian novel that examines the dangers of totalitarian rule.

Orwell's work remains influential in popular culture and in political culture, and the adjective "Orwellian"- describing totalitarian and authoritarian social practices - is part of the English language, like many of his neologisms, such as "Big Brother", "Thought Police", "Two Minutes Hate", "Room 101", "memory hole", "Newspeak", "doublethink", "unperson", and "thoughtcrime",as well as providing direct inspiration for the neologism "groupthink".more about George Orwell.

Background of Novel:-

It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.

As is characteristic of Orwell, a sentence complex in its implications and simple in its language.

When we saw this sentence, we understood it easily even students of school also understand it, but it not that much easy to understand as it show there is political meaning behind this, so this is the thing which Orwell wants to told that if you make your language complicated then nobody can questions. Behind this sentence One of Orwell's most passionate statements is hiding in plain sight.

In 1946, three years before the publication of this novel, Orwell published an important and influential essay called 'Politics and the English Language'. In it, he sets out and argues the thesis that language 'becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier to have foolish thoughts' - which is not merely an intellectual sin but a human disaster, because political writing lends itself to 'defense of the indefensible' when it uses euphemism to conceal brutality. 'If you simplify your English, you are freed from the worst follies of orthodoxy', he writes, setting out six famous rules for writing:

(1)Never use  a metaphor, simile or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print.

(2)Never use a long word where a short one will do.

(3)If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out.

(4)Never use the passive where you can use the active.

(5)Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent.

(6) Break any of these rules sooner than say anything barbarous.

Introduction of Novel:-

Nineteen Eighty-four, also known as 1984, novel, published in 1949 as a warning against totalitarianism. The chilling dystopia made a deep impression on readers, and his ideas entered mainstream culture in a way achieved by very few books. The book’s title and many of its concepts, such as Big Brother and the Thought Police, are instantly recognized and understood, often as bywords for modern social and political abuses. The novel is all about how political party use different language to control people and do change in rules according to them. We can also connect with the other novel of Orwell name, Animal farm in which how they changed the rules and rule on people. For example, 'ALL ARE EQUAL' but 'SOME ARE MORE EQUAL' so in this novel also we found same thing about big brother and other political parties.

1) What is Dystopian fiction? Is 1984 a Dystopian fiction? 

Dys - Bad (old Greek)

Topia - place ( old Greek)

What is dystopia in literature??

It is a world in which everything is imperfect and everything goes terribly wrong. Dystopian literature shows us a nightmarish image about what might happen to the world in the near future. Usually the main themes of dystopian works are rebellion, oppression, revolutions, wars, overpopulation and disaster.

Dystopian Literature explores the darkest facets of the human mind and human nature. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, a dystopia is,

 "An imaginary place or condition in which everything is as bad as possible." 

The easiest way to think about Dystopian Literature and dystopias is to consider that a dystopia is often the result of a society's arranging its government and laws around good qualities for a perfect society, such as order, equality, and obedience, and taking those qualities to the absolute extreme. Dystopian Literature, while fiction, can also spookily echo our own past, present, and future. Dystopian Literature is one of the best genres to understand man's inhumanity to his fellow men. 

What is opposite of a dystopia?

Utopia- A place , state or condition that is ideally perfect in respect of politics, laws, customs and conditions.

Yes, 1984 is Dystopian fiction, as I mentioned that Dystopian means an imaginary place where everything is bad as possible and in this novel also we can see that Orwell imagine condition of the state Oceania in 1984. In which system of empowerment become system of control. In which nobody allows to do questions and if you ask the it seems that you directly questions, RELIGION, CULTURE  and NATION. Orwell used the word TOTALITARIAN.  

The story occurs in London, a province of the state Oceania. Beside Oceania, there are two more totalitarian states that controlled world, Eurasia and Eastasia. 

Orwell talked about the Oceania is a totalitarian state ruled by a group The Party which leader and dictator is Big Brother Posters of "Big Brother" with the slogan BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU can be found everywhere. People used the slogans like:War is Piece, Freedom is Slavery, Ignorance is Strength. Oceania's citizens are divided into three classes-

1)The Inner Party

2)The Outer Party

 3)The Proles

 They have no right either to a personal life or to personal thoughts, his memory is quite cancelled, the past is considered as something to forget. The Party monitored the citizens through Ministry of True. The Thought Police has set hidden microphones, telescines in all living quarters and in every public area how they can find and spy thought criminals. Children are also thought to spy their parents and report their suspected thoughts. In the Oceania, there are four ministries: 

1)Ministry of Peace

 2)Ministry of Plenty

3)Ministry of Truth 

4)Ministry of Love

They use the language we can say Newspeak : Minipax, Miniplenty, Minitrue and Miniluv. Newspeak is the minimalist artificial language invented by The Party.

So Orwell imagine the situation of The State Oceania in which people are not allowed to stand against government.

2) What according to you is the central theme of this novel?

'Theme’ is an overarching idea, philosophy, and belief used in the literary works by a writer to show these concepts directly or indirectly. 

The primary theme of 1984 is to warn readers of the dangers of totalitarianism. The central focus of the novel is to convey the extreme level of control and power possible under a truly totalitarian regime. It explores how such a governmental system would impact society and the people who live in it. Many other themes like,

1)Totalitarianism, Total Control, Pure Power

2)The Propaganda Machine

3)Language as a Tool for Mind Control

4)Physical Control

5)Technology as Power

6)Wealth of the Ruling Class

7)Poverty of The Proles

Totalitarianism: Total Control, Pure Power:-

Totalitarianism is one of the major theme in this novel. It presents the type of government where even the head of the government is unknown to the public. This theme serves as a warning to the people because such regime unleashes propaganda to make people believe in the lies presented by the government. Throughout the novel, there is no proof of Big Brother’s existence in Oceania. The Party exercises complete control not only on the sexual lives of their citizens such as Julia’s and Winston Smith but also on their thoughts, feelings and even writing a diary. The overall monitoring and surveillance of the people through telescreens and subversion of history through the Ministry of Truth are some of the common casualties of such regimes. The third casualty of the totalitarianism is the truth through language. This happens in the shape of mottos such as “War is Peace.”

2)The Propaganda Machine:-

Propaganda is another major theme of the novel. The novel clearly shows the way propaganda is used to control people, along with its impacts and pitfalls. Writer has presented this theme through an organized propaganda machine of the Ministry of Truth in Oceania. Winston Smith is also involved in this propaganda. His work requires distortion of facts and truths and altering historical facts and then propagate them throughout the country. It means that the Party wants to have complete control over the thoughts and actions of the public. This propaganda has also invented new information and new words such as ‘Two Minutes Hate’, ‘Big Brother is watching’ and new mottos. The objective of propaganda is to make people loyal to the Party and the country. 

3)Language as a Tool for Mind Control:-

Language is very important for mental and physical control. The Party has employed language to control the masses. The use of words such as Newspeak, doublethink, Ingsoc and various other words speak volumes about this tactic. O’Brien and Winston Smith are engaged in the Ministry of Truth to use and abuse language to rewrite history and distort facts for the public consumption.

4)Technology as Power:-

Another theme that is the use of technology for governing the people. In this novel, the writer shows that the party uses telescreens and some other tools as one of the primary tools control the public. The use of technology to monitor people is very much present in this century as George Orwell had predicted through 1984. The phrase "Big Brother is watching you"  as a reference to the technology used by the Party to monitor what the people are doing at all times. "Big brother" represents governmental monitoring through technology. The citizens are never free from the watchful eye of the totalitarian powers that be, so their every word and action can be observed at any time. This is a statement on the risks that technology can pose in the hands of those who benefit from controlling others.

So this are major themes of the novel there are many other themes also which mentioned by Orwell.

3) What do you understand by the term 'orwelian'

'Orwelian' is term used to describe a political system in which the government tries to control every part of people's lives, similar to that described in the novel "Nineteen Eighty Four", by George Orwell.

In other words we can say that orwelian is the questioning language that how you question the language and how government and we can say political party used Language to control people known as Newspeak. They changed the language so people can not do questions. But according to Orwell,

'You have to do questioning the language not the speaker' this is the term 'orwelian'.

Orwell was socialist but he also against of society, and he talked about how this kind of language play an important role to shaped our thoughts and opinions.

4)Write in brief about 'Newspeak' and refer to Orwell & Pinter's essays.

Newspeak is a simplified version of English that was created to fit with the ideas of Ingsoc. Orwell added Newspeak as a commentary on the fact that the English language was being simplified in his time. He viewed the decline in complexity to be correlated with a decline of critical thinking skills, which he believed was being used by politicians to manipulate the people. Orwell largely derived the language from English and Russian. When someone tries to simplify the thing it became meaningless and we can say problematic."When the general atmosphere is bad, language must suffer".

As Orwell said , "If thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought,"

Newspeak is Idea in which old and effective word are replaced with word which are good in listing for example,

Good - Ungood

'Good' is positive word but when you want to say 'bad' you can't use it in Newspeak you must have to use 'ungood' which sounds positive, we can say one route of the language , so in this novel there is one dictionary named, 'Dictionary of Newspeak' in which people find out the replaced word and if you use old word you will get punishment.

In today's time we saw in social media also people using this kind of language to manipulate the mind of viewers. for example 

Friend- Unfriend 

When somebody use Newspeak that time his thoughts become narrow and they can't able to say what they actually want to say.

System of TOTALITARIAN  use language to restrict, rather than broaden, ideas, Orwell created Newspeak, the official language of Oceania. Without a word for freedom, for example, the concept of freedom cannot exist there.

Conclusion:-

So in this novel Orwell imagine the future of Oceania as there is rule of big brother and people blindly follow his idea blindly and those who tries to go against them they brutally torture them as our protagonist Winston was tortured by member of big brother. And however they want to make sure that people admit that they love big brother. We also see the situation when one can not have language to express their emotions and thoughts as there is everywhere technology even one can not think what they want to think due to thought machine and most importantly one can not die if they don't want to live so situation is too terrible for the people this particular State. Ofcourse it is imagination of Orwell but it quite horrible  too think about it.

Thank you for visiting:)

Waiting for Godot

Hello everyone, 

My today's blog is about the novel 'Waiting for Godot' written by Smauel Beckett. We watched movie in class and now we have to write blog about our understanding of the movie as part of the thinking activity.

Samuel Beckett :-

Samuel Barclay Beckett  was an Irish novelist, playwright, short story writer, theatre director, poet, and literary translator. A resident of Paris for most of his adult life, he wrote in both languages French and English.

Beckett was awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his writing, which—in new forms for the novel and drama—in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation". To know more about Smauel Beckett click here.

Waiting for Godot :-

'Waiting for Godot' tragicomedy in two acts by Irish writer Samuel Beckett, published in 1952 in French as En attendant Godot and first produced in 1953. Waiting for Godot was a true innovation in drama and the Theatre of the Absurd’s first theatrical success.

The play consists of conversations between Vladimir and Estragon, who are waiting for the arrival of the mysterious Godot.

Godot can be :- God , success, hope , death and happiness.

Waiting for Godot is only about four characters name Vladimir, Estragon, Pozzo and Lucky. They waiting for somebody in entire movie name Godot but they don't know them.

The play begins with a line,

“Nothing can be done”

Nothingness is prevalent throughout the play. Vladimir and Estragon are eagerly waiting for Godot, and they feel like doing nothing. Still they do many different things to kill the time. Similarly we also do many things in our life. So in this play neither a beginning nor a end, it seems like broken image of mirror and it's like nightmare.

1) In both Acts, evening falls into night and moon rises. How would you like to interpret this ‘coming of night and moon’ when actually they are waiting for Godot?

As archetype says that night is symbol of negativity and sun is symbol of positivity. In this movie  both are waiting for Godot but he didn't come. Both are try to kill time anyhow and when evening falls into night they start to waiting for next day and for them night is became symbol for hope of next day. And we can also interpret it like coming of night symbolised that now Godot will not come.

One can also interpret it like moon's brightness in the night means through the darkness of the night there is somewhere hope like the brightness of the moon. So, we should not lost our hope, every day is new day. 

Moon - Hope 

Darkness - negativity

But in Archetype light is signed of positivity and night is negativity. But here Beckett use it  in paradoxical way.

2) The director feels the setting with some debris. Can you read any meaning in the contours of debris in the setting of the play?

Debris is something which can not rebuilt again. And it is also symbolised disaster and lost. In this movie i want to interpret it like materialistic garbage and waste which can not stand again but natural elements can do. We can also connect debris with some denger and bad memory which happened in past , but in this novel the garbage described inner mental condition of both the character and debris itself represents nothingness, uselessness of the activities they are doing. 

3) Do you agree: “The play (Waiting for Godot), we agreed, was a positive play, not negative, not pessimistic. As I saw it, with my blood and skin and eyes, the philosophy is: 'No matter what— atom bombs, hydrogen bombs, anything—life goes on. You can kill yourself, but you can't kill life." (E.G. Marshal who played Vladimir in original Broadway production 1950s)?

I don't think that play is about positive or negative idea because it's only about perspective and which is individual. If it is positive for me , might be it is negative for somebody.

 Waiting for Godot is positive play :-

One can question that how it is positive because both the character is waiting for Godot in entire play but Godot didn't come so how is it positive but it is because their wait is pessimistic both are live in the hope of next day. They both represents human life, every human is living in will power and in hope that out future will be bright and happy and for that they keep doing hardwork and wait for that day.

In play also both the character try to kill time by doing so many activities. At one point they decide to go but they can't. Because they are hoping to be saved.

Let's go." "We can't." "Why not?" "We're waiting for Godot.

We know that many people came into world and many goes but nothing is permanent though we have to do hard work and live life that is the philosophy of the life. This philosophy is indirectly discussed by Beckett in this novel that nobody know about God and what happened after death though we are doing hard work and before doing any sin we thought that God will punishe us if we do this and we stop doing this. In case of karma also before doing any good work we always think about reward and good fortune.

4) Do you think that the obedience of Lucky is extremely irritating and nauseatic? Even when the master Pozzo is blind, he obediently hands the whip in his hand. Do you think that such a capacity of slavishness is unbelievable?

For us behaviour of Lucky is like irritating but somewhere we all are Lucky in one or another way. In our childhood we learn many things and we can't able to get rid out of it. Somewhere we are slave of God and we can say religion. If someone allow us to ask questions though we never ask anything to anybody. In case of Lucky he can run away and escape from slavery, live his life happily when Pozzo became blind but he didn't go anywhere but he himself give rope to Pozzo. Lucky himself give his remote to Pozzo and indirectly told him to control him.

 He symbolised thinkers, smartness and intelligent but he don't know his own value so he happy to live as slave. In this play when Estragon tries to help Lucky then he kicks him badly. Similar things happening in society also, when someone tries to help us or tries to make us aware we started blaming them and hates to listen any advice, even if that advise was beneficial for us. We never allow ourself to come out from the bond of relations, whether it is with relatives or whether it it with God. We know that we are not tied by anyone but still we can't escape or can't think of living our ideas, beliefs, or we can say superstitions also. 

So we can say behaviour of Lucky is like more relatable rather than irritating.

5)  Do you think that plays like this can better be ‘read’ than ‘viewed’ as it requires a lot of thinking on the part of readers, while viewing, the torrent of dialogues does not give ample time and space to ‘think’? Or is it that the audio-visuals help in better understanding of the play?

According to me it is better to read rather than watch because when I saw this movie in this dialogues are to speedy and pronounciation was also difficult to understand. And play like absurd is better to read because one can not understand it only through visual and audio because there is we have to think a lot. There is required deep thinking to understand because each dialogue has deep meaning.

Without reading original novel one can not understand the dialogue and action of the actors. Before watch movie we read some of the important part of the novel so for us it became easy to understand it. After reading when you watch movie it became easy to understand it.

6) Which of the following sequence you liked the most:

1) Vladimir – Estragon killing time in questions and conversations while waiting

2)Pozzo – Lucky episode in both acts

3) Converstion of Vladimir with the boy

In this movie i like the scene of Lucky's speech , how he work like Machine follow every command of his master and when he say him to do think he start thinking but we can not understand what is he said and Vladimir and Estragon both are trying to listen him but they can't and behaviour of both the character create laughter but after passing of the time his thinking became irritating for other three characters and they try to run and avoid him. And when Pozzo say stop and one remove hat from head he stopped thinking hear,

Hat = thinking

Whoever wear hat they able to think

Thinking is not worst but

Having thought is  terrible 

 I also like the scene of time killing of both character because during that time they talked about reality of human being and give us message about our existence and abusurdity of life. 

Thank you for visiting :)

Breath

Hello everyone,

Today i write blog about the absurd play , while studying the play "Waiting for Godot' we discussed 'BREATH' shortest play ever by Samuel Beckett. In this blog i have a to give  my interpretation of this play as part of thinking activity and i also shoot one video and try to interpret it with the reference of Existentialism and Nihilism.

Samuel Beckett 

Samuel Barclay Beckett was an Irish novelist, playwright, short story writer and  theatre director, poet, and literary translator. He wrote in both the language French and English. For more information about Smauel Beckett click here

Original play :- Breath

CURTAIN Up

1. Faint light on stage littered with miscellaneous rubbish. Hold about five seconds.

2. Faint brief cry and immediately inspiration and slow increase of light together reaching maximum - together in about ten seconds. Silence and hold for about five seconds.

3. Expiration and slow decrease of light together reaching minimum together (light as in 1) in about ten seconds and immediately cry as before. Silence and hold about five seconds. 

CURTAIN Down

Picturization of the Play - Breath :-

My interpretation of the play is about newly married women, whose life is run around her husband's life, but she is happy ,live the life , there is meaning of her life. I put many  ornaments which show  and signified that she is happy with her married life as we know that Indian women's life is surrounded by her husband life , she became happy in her husband's happiness, she became sad in the loss of her husband so we can say whole life of her is limited with the her husband's life.

In video one can see that when light on there is ornaments are put in  proper way and everything is perfect , sound of heartbeat show that one was living life with the happiness. There are objects like Bengals, Bindi, Maang Tikka, Necklace, Mangalsutra, etc. And most significantly Red saree is the symbol of married women , but when light off we can see that  ornaments are broken and Colour of saree became change red into blue and everything was Messy , nothing is useful now because it seems like her husband was died, as Indian rituals when husband die , ornaments of women is became useless and she can not wear this again. One can observe that sound also changed heartbeat  stopped, as we know that when we can't get signal, that time we found such sound. 

These objects, which are displayed in the video as miscellaneous as an adaptation of Beckett's play with a different perspective displayed the decoration of a female body. Not only the beautification but more than that, it characterizes the chains that are holding from liberation. 

On the other side if we look at the same question from an Absurdist point of view , as we know that in India after the death of husband there is no meaning of the widow and she has to leave everything and live life with simplicity without any big dream and facilities. We can say she live life as died person.

One can also interpret death like, In this digital era when we call somebody and we can't get network that time we got such sound which signifies that network of the divice.

Conclusion :-

So, in my interpretation of the play breath is about women who just married and became widow through the women ornaments which signifies her happiness and sadness, i also used sound which signifies the life and death of the person. 

Thank you:)

Existentialism

Hello everyone,

My today's blog is Sunday reading task about existentialism. In this task we have to do flipped learning which is very interesting and also little bit hard. In the flipped learning activity teacher give us his blog link of flipped learning and some videos through we have to give answer of questions given by professor Dilip Barad.

 This flipped learning task is about what is existentialism and absurd movement this is  background of the novel name 'Waiting for Godot' which is part of our paper '20th century literature'.

A) What is flipped learning ?

A flipped classroom is an instructional strategy and a type of blended learning, which aims to increase student engagement and learning by having students complete readings at home and work on live problem-solving during class time. This pedagogical style moves activities, including those that may have traditionally been considered homework, into the classroom. With a flipped classroom, students watch online lectures, collaborate in online discussions, or carry out notes at home, while actively engaging concepts in the classroom, with a mentor's guidance.

B) What is existentialism?

A philosophical theory or approach which emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will.

1) Thoughts which i like the most :-

Video -1 :-   :

 In video one there is explanation of the what is existentialism and some founder of this movement and we can say philosophy.

John Paul Sartre who found this Idea he is known as existentialist. There are many such philosophers like,

1)Søren Kierkegaard

2)Friedrich Nietzsche

3)Fyodor Dostoevsky

4) Franz Kafka

5)Martin Heidegger

They all have different belief but they all talked about one philosophy which is Individuality , passion and freedom this  three is philosophical triangle.

According to philosopher Camus Believing in God called suicide for him and he denied to be known as existentialist. He believes in individualism and if you took support of God then it's might be you tries to escape from reality and this is called philosophical suicide according to him.

Existentialism is mainly popular among young people because it touches on subjects which a person in his or her youth might be struggling with. There were other subjects like suicide, anguish, absurdity, passions, emotions, death, freedom, disparage.

Thoughts i like the most:-

 The idea of philosophical triangle is very good which is also faced by many people in today's time.

Video - 2 :-

In this video Camus give Idea about suicide and reason behind that why people do suicide also give the reason of living life. And also give the answer of the question that ,

Why existentialist did more focuse on suicide :-

For Camus suicide is individual act. Suicide is Divorced between men and his life because when one start feeling that absurdity in his life , there he facing question that this absurdity require him to facing hope or suicide.Every life is full of adversity. therefore death can be the ultimate solution of life and absurdity of life. Many people commit suicide because they feel that their life is not worth living. there we find comparison with movie 'Stay'. it said that " An elegant suicide is the ultimate work of Art." Tramp or stranger are living without any profound purpose so for them Death can be mistress " Death is my Mistress". 

Thought I like the most :- 

In this video i really influenced by the idea that is there logic to the point of death? Life is a gift for us given by someone. but this is a unexpected gift so we have all rights to end our life but there should be logical reason behind suicide. 

Video - 3

In this video Camus talked about where is absurdity , absurdity is neither in men nor in world. Because if there is no human being then there wouldn't be any desire and human nostalgia to fulfill - satisfied.

He also talked about :-

A) A  total  absence of hope - Despair

B) A Continual rejection - pronounciation

C) Consciou dissatisfaction - Immature unrest

In this video there is "myth of Sisyphus" given by Albert Camus. According to the Greek myth Sisyphus was punished for all eternity to roll a rock up a mountain only to have it roll back down the bottom when he reaches the top. Camus claims that Sisyphus is the ideal absurd hero. his punishment is the representation of human condition. Sisyphus can do such monotonous work because he habituated to such life. sometimes human beings also live same life everyday and find pleasure in it.

Thought i like the most :-

In this video i find it really very interesting that how Myth of Sisyphus represented the human life. We always wake up with sun rise and sleep with sunset this is also one kind of Philosophical suicide.

Video -4 :-

It was 1916  Dada movement developed against World war. It questions established notions and values. In this way it creates new path of living. it finds the way of becoming free from everything. Here there is opportunity for making your own values.there is example of 'R.Mutt'

 and it questions that 'is that really art?' 'if it is indeed art what kind of art is it?'.

it questions your knowledge, no matter what the answers. but it will destroy all values you know.

 

Thought I like the most:-

In this video i really like the Idea of Dadaism in which whatever i want to create i can create i don't need to explain anybody what I created.

Video -5 :-

In this video Existentialism is often accused of being a gloomy Philosophy. While there is The fruth to this claim we must look at the whole picture why existentialism Thought of us a gloomy Philosophy because of this our emotions such as Anxiety,  despair and absurdity. And when can stuck between this all they find solutions like , believe in God but try to finding the truth which is true for you , it should you to judge every values and choose your own meaning in life. 

Life + Anxiety = ??

In this  video i really like the one thing that we are responsible for our own choices in life. 

Video -6 :-

In this video we come to know that how Nihilism and existentialism are differ from eachother,  Kierkegaard say that existentialist always fought against the Nihilism one or another way and he defined Nihilism as loss of individuality and it's promote the subjectivity while for Nietzsche Nihilism is the highest value.

Thought i like :-

Existentialism believe in subjectivity while Nihilism believe in objectivity meaningless life. 

Video -7 :

In this video there is question like :-What Existentialism is not? To understand Existentialism in better way. Existentialism is not a philosophical system nor should it be viewed as a set of doctrines rather it is probable best classified as a philosophical movement as a movement Existentialism arose in 19th century Europe Soren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche are often characterised the founding fathers of the movement.

In this video the thought i like :

Idea of essence , every independent thing have their own essence , But we are free to chooses our essence.

We have to find the answer of this questions : 

1) Why am I here ?

2) What does it mean to be human?

3) How should I live my life ?

 

If one can find answer of this questions then it's become easy to understand philosophy of life.

Video - 8 :-

Friedrich Nietzsche gave the theory of "Ubermensche" it means man as a superman. He believed that "God is dead". When human beings start in believing that there is no God then they become free of doing anything they want or desire. They no more believe in established rules and regulation but create new rules. 

In this video i really like the thought that man can do anything that is Ubermensche.  Make your rule to live your life.

2) Video i like the most :-

Video no :-8 :-

I like this video because it gives the idea of "Ubermensche". It means man can do anything he wants. Why we need to behave in certain ways? We can make our rules in our own way. There is example of Superman, two kind of Superman - one who follow the society's rules and another one is make their own rules.  if our will power is strong than none can restrict us to achieve our goal. only required thing is the confident in self. that  'I am capable of doing anything'.   

3) learning outcomes :-

This universe is very large. We are tiny part of this universe. and it does not get affected by our actions and deeds. it doesn't care for us. Universe will remain as it is weather we do anything for it or not. There is different between what we expect from it and what we find in it. 

Either people believe in God or they find life as meaningless. once we find it meaningless then we start thinking that does it mean that 'life is not worth living?'. So some people may committed suicide but we can give our own unique meaning to life rather than committing suicide. And if you don't't find any valid reason to live life then you can do suicide too.

According to existentialism one should live with passions. we are the creator our "own work of Art". we can give variety of colors to our Universe. For example,

It means if our sky is pink then it's totally ok we don't need to change the colour of our sky for the sake of people.

4) My Questions:-

Video no-1

1) What is difference between suicide and philosophical suicide? Because if somebody decide for suicide ofcourse they have valid reason then how it is differ from eachother.

Video no-2 

2) Why Camus didn't like to be known as existentialist ?

Video no-4

3) Dadaism and Nihilism both the philosophy about nothingness then how it is different from each other? 

Video no-5

4) How could being existentialist called

Being narcissistic philosophy ?

Video -6 

5) Can you explaine in deep difference between Nihilism and existentialism?

Word count :- 1676

Archetypal criticism

Hello everyone,

My Today's blog is about archetypal reading of literature and art.  Northrop frye give an essay on archetypal reading of literature. How archetypal find out the cultural pattern of literature , as part of thinking activity i write this blog assigned by Dilip Barad sir

A) What is archetype ?

The original pattern or model of which all things of the same type are representations or copies :  PROTOTYPE

1) what is archetypal criticism? What does the archetypal criticism do?

Archetype is an pattern' but one can question that which kind of pattern, so archetype is try to figure out the reality, means complex reality of the world by the some myths and history. Our ancestors gave us some stories to understand the reality so through that archetype try to find out the pattern or structure ot the particular work. 

Archetype tries to find out the way of literature. Archetypal criticism argues that archetypes determine the form and function of literary works, that a text's meaning is shaped by cultural and psychological myths. Archetypes are the unknowable basic forms personified or concretized in recurring images, symbols, or patterns which may include motifs such as the quest or the heavenly ascent, recognizable character types such as the trickster or the hero, symbols such as the apple or snake, or situation such as graveyard and temple all laden with meaning already when employed in a particular work.

But as we know that literature is always concerne about newness but there is change of diction - choice of words make it different but structure of it remains same.

So basically archetype criticism tries to do prediction that there is that so this thing can be happened and it's became true mostly.

For example symbol of Day :- Day is symbol of positivity,  and night is symbol of negativity so through that one can get idea when they so such kind of symbols in literature.

2) What is Frye trying to prove by giving an analogy of physics to nature and criticism to literature?

By giving an analogy of physics or nature Frye want to say that we know every subject somewhere connect with the nature but we can't say that we study nature instead we say we study physics. We know physics is all about human nature and how human body work but we didn't use nature as subject, just like that we say that we study literature but in this what we do , we do criticism of literature one or another way but we never use that we study criticism instead of literature. Though we can't study literature,  we just criticised it to learn it. And Frey also compare every seasons with emotions of human like

 

1) Spring :- Comedy

2)Summer - Romance

3)Autumn - Tragedy

4)Winter - Irony & Satire

So we can't study any subject without nature because nature is always part physics and we never say that we study criticism though we study criticism In literature but literature is an individual branch.

3) Share your views of Criticism as an organised body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy.

As Northrop frye says literature is the central division of 'humanities', so for the study of literature students have to read history for finding events and also try see Philosophy for the ideas as we know that history connect with the events and philosophy with the ideas. Because in literature sentimental and casual judgement are not allowed in critical reading. 

4)Briefly explain inductive method with illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene.

Inductive mathod is using particular facts and from specific to general.

When the Grave Digger's scene of Hamlet arise May audience alredy knows that now something going to bad because the Mineral Structure of Scene is Tragic a grave and also a darkness and cold wind of autumn shows the sign of tragedy. Thus these are the some specific examples from that scene which is lead towards general. So this is inductive method in which from the conversation of  both the digger we came to know about one general observation that something bad has happened.

5) Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an analogy to music, painting, rhythm and pattern. Give examples of the outcome of deductive method.

Deductive method is something in which we are observing general things first and then from that observation we are moving towards something specific. In music we have rhythm and it takes time to understand and in painting it has patterns which can be understand in one glance. Music travel in time and painting is in space. Literature has both like when we start read something it takes time to complete and appreciate like music but when we complete reading we can see the whole picture of that book or anything which we read in front of our eyes like painting, so from this deductive method we come to know that literature moves in time and also it is space. In literature meaning, theme and setting are the rythm of the literature.

6) Refer to the Indian seasonal grid (below). If you can, please read small Gujarati or Hindi or English poem from the archetypal approach and apply Indian seasonal grid in the interpretation. 

 As per Indian seasonal grid we have six seasons.

They are: -

1.) Vasant Ritu - Spring

2.) Grishma Ritu - Summer

3.) Varsha Ritu - Monsoon

4.) Sharad Ritu - Autumn

5.) Hemant Ritu - Pre-winter

6.) Shishir / Shita Ritu - Winter

Happy Winter

બે હાથ મસળતા થોડોક ગરમાવો શરૂ થયો, ફૂલગુલાબી ઠંડી આવીને શિયાળો શરૂ થયો,

ફ્રીજના બાટલા માટલાંની પાસે ગોઠવાયા, તજ સૂંઠથી ભરપૂર કાવોને ઉકાળો શરૂ થયો,

બત્તીનો પ્રકાશ હવે સહેજ ધૂંધળો લાગે, ધૂળ ધૂમમ્સ ભેગા મળ્યા કે ધુમાડો શરૂ થયો,

શેકાતો બફાતો સૂરજ સહેજ ઠંડો પડ્યો, ગોઠવેલા તાપણાંનો તાપ હુંફાળો શરૂ થયો,

સવારની નીંદર વધુ મજાની લાગવા લાગી, રજાઈનો એ સ્પર્શ: વધુ સુંવાળો શરૂ થયો,

બે હાથ મસળતા થોડોક ગરમાવો શરૂ થયો, ફૂલગુલાબી ઠંડી આવીને શિયાળો શરૂ થયો. - નિશાંક મોદી

In this poem we find that speaker talked about the winter in which we feel coldness everywhere and many other things and we also found that tone of this poem is positive tone and speaker praise the winter's season.

Thank you for visit :)